|
Cambodia
ODA Database
Glossary of Terms
Commitment
A firm written agreement by the donor to provide funds for a particular
project or to a Trust Fund. The Commitment Date is the date of
that written agreement. Commitments are usually multi-year � i.e., they
are designed to fund expenditures for several years � but the total
commitment is recorded in the year that the agreement is signed (even
though disbursements may be projected to take place over a longer
period).
Concessional Loan
The provision of funds by a donor as a loan which consists of a minimum
25 percent grant element, thus qualifying it as an ODA transaction. It
is also commonly referred to as a �soft� loan.
Disbursement
The release of funds to, or the purchase of goods or services for, a
recipient; by extension, the amount thus spent. Disbursements record the
actual international transfer of financial resources, or of goods or
services valued at the cost of the donor. The Disbursement Date is the
date at which those funds were made available � usually this involves
the transfer of funds into the implementer�s bank account or the draw
down by the implementer of funds held in an account by the donor.
Donor
The funding agency or country making a financial commitment to the
project from its core funds. Agencies who receive funds from others as
part of a co-funded project are not donors (or are donors only for that
portion of funding that they have contributed from their own core
funds). Donors can be multilateral, bilateral and/or NGOs.
Grant
Transfers made in cash, goods or services for which no repayment is
required
Grant Element
Reflects the financial terms of a commitment: interest rate, MATURITY
(q.v.) and grace period (interval to first repayment of capital). It
measures the concessionality of a loan, in the form of the present value
of an interest rate below the market rate over the life of a loan.
Conventionally the market rate is taken as 10 per cent in DAC
statistics. Thus, the grant element is nil for a loan carrying an
interest rate of 10 percent; it is 100 per cent for a grant; and it lies
between these two limits for a soft loan. If the face value of a loan is
multiplied by its grant element, the result is referred to as the grant
equivalent of that loan.
Implementing Partner
The partner who receives funds from the donor. Implementing partners
cannot commit or disburse funds (unless they are own core resources)
according to the terminology used in the ODA Database. Disbursements
from other sources should be recorded as such in Section IV.
Loans (Credits)
The provision of resources, excluding food or other bulk commodities,
for relief or development purposes, including import procurement
programmes, which must be repaid according to conditions established at
the time of the loan agreement or as subsequently agreed.
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Grants or Loans to countries and territories on Part I of the DAC List
of Aid Recipients (developing countries) which are: (a) undertaken by
the official sector; (b) with promotion of economic development and
welfare as the main objective; (c) at concessional financial terms [if a
loan, having a Grant Element of at least 25 per cent]. In addition to
financial flows, Technical Co-operation is included in aid. Grants,
Loans and credits for military purposes are excluded.
Pledge
The grant or loan resources promised by a donor over one year or a fixed
number of years. Often these sums are not associated with any particular
project, which must be designed at a later time. A pledge is not
equivalent to a commitment.
Project/program budget
The total resources committed to the project/program from all
sources.
Project Implementation Units
The OECD/DAC guidance note for monitoring the Paris Declaration states
that a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is a dedicated management unit
designed to support the implementation of projects or programmes. A
parallel PIU is accountable to the external funding agency rather than
the relevant government institutions such as ministries, agencies and
authorities, whereas in a fully integrated PIU, the government
institution takes full responsibility and implements projects using
existing structures, procedures and staff.
In Cambodia a support team developed a PIU Checklist and
Reference Matrix that use the following criteria:
-
Accountability (to whom are PIU staff accountable?)
-
Staff selection/recruitment, staffing (who determines
the TOR of PIU staff?)
-
Implementation/operational responsibility (who is
responsible for management of implementation issues?)
Additional guidance is provided in these notes, posted on
the OECD/DAC website:
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/59/37105875.pdf
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/58/37105997.pdf
Project/program start date
The actual start date of the implementation of the project/program.
Often the same as the project signature/commitment date.
Project/program completion date
Actual, if already completed, or planned completion date of the
project/program.
Project/Program Status
On-going � once the project document is signed and
the project is operationally open.
Completed � the project is operationally closed (financial
closure is not necessary)
Suspended � the activities of the project have been officially
suspended at the request of one of the signatory parties.
Pipeline - donor is identified and a concept paper or project
document is being/has been drafted, with funding identified (but not
committed).
Sector
Sectoral classifications organize projects according to their spheres of
societal endeavor. For example, "productive" sectors create economic
value by generating and distributing goods and services.
"Infrastructure" sectors provide the basic installations and facilities
on which communities depend. "Social" sectors provide for the mental,
physical, and spiritual well-being of individuals and their communities.
"Environmental" sectors sustain the earth's physical and biological
assets. "Governance" sectors guide and administer the affairs of a
state, community, organization or association. Sectoral classifications
help provide the social and economic benchmarks used to measure a
programme or project's impact.
Types of ODA
Technical Cooperation
Includes both (a) grants to nationals of aid recipient countries
receiving education or training at home or abroad, and (b) payments to
consultants, advisers and similar personnel as well as teachers and
administrators serving in recipient countries, (including the cost of
associated equipment). Assistance of this kind provided specifically to
facilitate the implementation of a capital project is included
indistinguishably among bilateral project and programme expenditures,
and not separately identified as technical co-operation in statistics of
aggregate flows.
Free-standing Technical Cooperation
The provision of resources aimed at the transfer of technical and
managerial skills and know-how or of technology for the purpose of
building up national capacity to undertake development activities,
without reference to the implementation of any specific investment
project(s). FTC includes pre-investment activities, such as
feasibility studies, when the investment itself has not yet been
approved or funding not yet secured.
Investment-related Technical Cooperation
The provision of resources, as a separately identifiable activity,
directly aimed at strengthening the capacity to execute specific
investment projects. Included under ITC would be pre-investment-type
activities directly related to the implementation of an approved
investment project.
Investment Project/Programme Assistance
The provision of financing, in cash or in kind, for specific capital
investment projects, i.e., projects that create productive capital which
can generate new goods or services. Also known as capital assistance.
Investment project assistance may have a technical co-operation
component.
Budget Support or Balance-of-Payments Support
The provision of assistance which is not cast in terms of specific
investment or technical co-operation projects but which is instead
provided in the context of broader development programme and
macro-economic objectives and/or which is provided for the specific
purpose of supporting the recipient�s balance-of-payments position and
making available foreign exchange. This category includes non-food
commodity input assistance in kind and financial grants and loans to pay
for commodity inputs. It also includes resources ascribed to debt
relief.
Food Aid
The provision of food for human consumption for developmental purposes,
including grants and loans for the purchase of food. Associated costs
such as transport, storage, distribution, etc., are also included in
this category, as well as donor-supplied, food-related items such as
animal food and agricultural inputs related to food production, when
these are part of a food aid programme.
Emergency and Relief Assistance
The provision of resources aimed at immediately relieving distress and
improving the well-being of populations affected by natural or man-made
disasters. Food aid for humanitarian and emergency purposes is included
in this category. Emergency and relief assistance is usually not related
to national development efforts or to enhancing national capacity and is
not included in the definition of ODA.
---------------------------------
|
